Some of the most common causes for chronic pain are injuries and long term illness or disease. Some long term illnesses that may result in chronic pain are cancer, degenerative diseases i.e. osteoporosis & osteoarthritis, Fibromyalgia, and Inflammatory disease i.e. rheumatoid arthritis. Injuries that can cause chronic pain include but are not limited to initial injuries i.e. sprain, muscle strain and under / overuse injuries i.e. heel pain, back pain, and achilles tendonitis. Some other conditions that may cause chronic pain are ear infections, migraine headaches, and peripheral neuropathy.
Fibromyalgia, as defined by the American College of Rheumatology is wide spread muscle pain that lasts for at least three months. In addition, fibromyalgia patients need to have at least eleven of eighteen tender points in specific anatomical areas. Fibromyalgia can exist with other conditions. It can co-exist with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, erythromatosis hepatitis, HIV ( human immuno-deficiency disorder), and other medical limitations.
Osteoporosis is a disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (20-year-old healthy female average) as measured by DXA; the term "established osteoporosis" includes the presence of a fragility fracture.[1] Osteoporosis is most common in women after menopause, when it is called postmenopausal osteoporosis, but may also develop in men, and may occur in anyone in the presence of particular hormonal disorders and other chronic diseases or as a result of medications, specifically glucocorticoids, when the disease is called steroid- or glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (SIOP or GIOP). Given its influence on the risk of fragility fracture, osteoporosis may significantly affect life expectancy and quality of life.
Cancer (medical term: malignant neoplasm) is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth (division beyond the normal limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent tissues), and sometimes metastasis (spread to other locations in the body via lymph or blood). These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, do not invade or metastasize. Most cancers form a tumor but some, like leukemia, do not. The branch of medicine concerned with the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer is oncology. Cancer may affect people at all ages, even fetuses, but the risk for most varieties increases with age.
Osteoarthritis (OA, also known as degenerative arthritis, degenerative joint disease), is a clinical syndrome in which low-grade inflammation results in pain in the joints, caused by abnormal wearing of the cartilage that covers and acts as a cushion inside joints and destruction or decrease of synovial fluid that lubricates those joints. As the bone surfaces become less well protected by cartilage, the patient experiences pain upon weight bearing, including walking and standing. Due to decreased movement because of the pain, regional muscles may atrophy, and ligaments may become more lax. OA is the most common form of arthritis, and the leading cause of chronic disability in the United States.
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